ArticleBrain and behavior2026
A 25-Year Nationwide Analysis of Mortality Trends due to Intentional Self-Harm by Hanging, Strangulation, and Suffocation.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
introductionSuffocation, strangulation, and hanging are among the deadly forms of intentional self-harm, which is a serious global public health issue. These types of self-harm frequently have high fatality rates and greatly increase the United States' suicide burden. Analyzing trends over time is essential for noticing evolving patterns, directing preventative measures, and developing successful policy interventions.
methodsTo assess mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER), ICD-10 codes for intentional self-harm by hanging, strangulation, and suffocation (X70) were utilized. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were considered for analysis. Trends were assessed using the joinpoint regression software, and p < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.
resultsThe overall AAMR per 100,000 rose from 2.41 in 1999 to 4.57 in 2023, peaking at 5.28 in 2018. Men, young adults, and Non-Hispanic Whites had disproportionately higher AAMR, with Hawaii, South Dakota, and New Mexico showing the highest rates. Rural areas and the West and Midwest regions experienced the greatest mortality burden.
conclusionTargeted mental health policy and resource allocation in vulnerable communities are necessary in light of these disparities.
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