Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42885107›Full record

ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2026

Dysregulated Cholesterol Metabolism, Chronic Inflammation, and Disability in Severe Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Taylor R Wicks, Mujeeb Shittu, Anna Wolska, Diala Ghazal, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Alexander Burnham, Alan T Remaley, Robert Zivadinov, Murali Ramanathan

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Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Taylor R WicksDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5803-6222
Mujeeb ShittuDepartment of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.
Anna WolskaLipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Diala GhazalDepartment of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.
Bianca Weinstock-GuttmanJacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.
Alexander BurnhamThe Boston Home, Dorchester, Massachusetts, USA.
Alan T RemaleyLipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Robert ZivadinovBuffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-1485
Murali RamanathanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-150X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDysregulated lipid metabolism, which can affect remyelination and neural repair, has not been extensively investigated in progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS). The goal was to examine whether dysregulated cholesterol metabolism was associated with disability in PMS.

methodsThe study sample comprised 53 Severe PMS patients (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS score: 7.0-9.5) requiring skilled nursing and 53 age, sex- and disease duration-matched community-dwelling Control PMS patients (EDSS score: 3.0-6.5). Patients underwent neurological examinations and provided blood samples. Cholesterol and apolipoprotein (Apo) profiles, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolomic profiles, inflammatory cytokines, neuroaxonal, and glial injury biomarkers were obtained. Disability was measured on the EDSS and the Combinatorial Weight-Adjusted Disability (CombiWISE) scales.

resultsThe Severe PMS group had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), ApoA-I, and ApoA-II levels (all p < 0.001) and higher ApoB and ApoE levels. The nutritional status biomarker, albumin, was lower, and the chronic inflammation marker, GlycA, was higher in Severe PMS versus Control PMS (all p < 0.001). Total cholesterol, ApoA-II, and ApoB were associated with disability on the EDSS and CombiWISE scale. Difference-correlogram analyses revealed substantial remodeling of biomarker interdependencies in Severe PMS. ApoE showed stronger associations with lipid and nutritional biomarkers in Severe PMS, but with neuroaxonal markers (serum neurofilament light chain, glial fibrillary acidic protein) in Control PMS. Inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6) showed stronger associations with apolipoproteins in Severe PMS, whereas several lipid-inflammation and lipid nutritional correlations were attenuated.

conclusionsDisrupted cholesterol metabolism and chronic inflammation are strongly linked to greater disability in Severe PMS. Our results also indicate marked alterations in metabolic, inflammatory, nutritional, and neuroglial biomarker networks in Severe PMS.

Indexed as

biomarkerscholesterolmetabolic dysfunctionmultiple sclerosisprogressive

Identifiers

PMID42885107
PMCPMC13673061

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