ArticlePolymers2026
Low-Velocity Impact Response of Biaxial Glass-Fiber Fabric Composites: Influence of Fabric Layer Number Under Progressively Increasing Impact Energy.
Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glass-fiber-reinforced polymer composites are of interest for lightweight structural applications, including marine structures, where accidental low-velocity impact is an important design consideration. This study investigates the low-velocity impact response of polyester-matrix composites reinforced with 4 layers, 6 layers, and 8 layers of biaxial glass fabric. A progressive test program, designed according to the number of fabric layers, used increasing impact-energy levels to cover both an indentation-dominated non-perforating regime and complete perforation, with the transition toward complete perforation in each configuration guiding the energy range selected for the configuration with the next higher number of fabric layers. Instrumented drop-weight tests with a 16 mm hemispherical impactor were analyzed using force, displacement, velocity, and energy histories. At the highest fully non-perforating energy levels of 30 J, 60 J, and 100 J, maximum contact forces were 7.25 kN, 13.05 kN, and 17.45 kN, while absorbed energies were approximately 28.7 J, 54.1 J, and 95.3 J. At 40 J, 80 J, and 120 J, respectively, the composite series entered the transition regime, with complete perforation observed for some of the tested specimens. The investigated parameters showed different diagnostic values: some were sensitive to the impactor mass-velocity combination, whereas displacement, energy, and velocity histories more clearly reflected the change in impact regime. The progressive test campaign, extended up to complete perforation, provides a practical means of identifying the transition between impact regimes and establishing application-specific impact limits. For design purposes, components exposed to accidental impact should therefore incorporate an adequate margin below the experimentally identified transition energy range.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.