Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42885030›Full record

ArticlePolymers2026

Citric Acid-Urea Modification of Dual-Plasticized Starch Adhesives for Medium-Density Fiberboard Manufacturing.

Meysam Mehdinia, Saeed Kamrani, Peyman Ahmadi, Sara Nabipoor, Sogand Ghafari Movahed, Petar Antov, Ali Dorieh, Viktor Savov, Stoyko Petrin, Lee Seng Hua

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Meysam MehdiniaWood and Forest Products Science Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran 14968-13111, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-7874-4849
Saeed KamraniDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University College of Agricultural & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran.
Peyman AhmadiDepartment of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University College of Agricultural & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran.
Sara NabipoorDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon 46841-61167, Iran.
Sogand Ghafari MovahedSchool of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14179-35840, Iran.
Petar AntovDepartment of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-3837-5380
Ali DoriehDepartment of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering Modern Technologies, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies (AUSMT), Amol 46156-64616, Iran.
Viktor SavovDepartment of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0001-5111-8760
Stoyko PetrinFaculty of Chemical Technologies, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1757 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0001-8347-7039
Lee Seng HuaDepartment of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch Jengka Campus, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak 26400, Pahang, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0001-6369-9902

Funding

University of Forestry НИС-Б-1397/16
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Formaldehyde-free starch adhesives offer a renewable alternative to conventional binders used in medium-density fiberboard (MDF), but their application remains limited by poor moisture resistance and insufficient mechanical performance. The aim of this research work was to investigate and evaluate the combined effects of sorbitol and glycerol plasticizers, citric acid modification, and urea addition on the properties of starch-based adhesives and the resulting MDF panels. Five adhesive formulations were prepared and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Laboratory MDF panels were manufactured and evaluated for thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), internal bond strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE). Among the tested formulations, the hybrid adhesive system, composed of sorbitol/starch/glycerol/urea/citric acid (SSGUC), provided the best overall performance. Panels bonded with SSGUC exhibited the lowest TS and WA after both 2 and 24 h of water immersion, with TS

Indexed as

citric acidformaldehyde-free bindermedium-density fiberboard (MDF)starch-based adhesiveurea

Identifiers

PMID42885030
PMCPMC13667178

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.