ReviewPolymers2026
Hydrogel-Based BMP-2 Delivery for Bone Regeneration: From Material Control to Biological and Translational Evaluation.
Review in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a potent osteoinductive factor, but rapid loss of bioactivity, short local retention, burst release, and diffusion into surrounding tissues reduce dose efficiency and may necessitate supraphysiological doses associated with local adverse effects. Hydrogels offer tunable platforms for controlling BMP-2 localization, exposure, and presentation. This review classifies BMP-2-delivering hydrogels by their dominant delivery logic into passive spatial confinement, reservoir-unit-integrated delivery, stimuli-responsive delivery, and programmable biointeractive systems. It then evaluates whether material-level control translates into retained bioactivity, cellular responses, bone regeneration, spatially confined bone formation, and clinically relevant outcomes across conventional and complex-host models. Selected systems preserve BMP-2 activity after chemical modification, immobilization, or triggered release and improve bone formation, structural repair, or spatial localization in specific models. Nevertheless, prolonged retention or greater material complexity does not consistently improve repair, and evidence for true dose sparing remains limited. Outcomes depend on actual bioactive exposure, material degradation, tissue ingrowth, host conditions, and auxiliary components. Translation therefore requires formulation-specific links among dose, bioactive exposure, repair efficacy, local safety, and reproducible manufacturing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.