SynthesisNutrients2026
Effects of Acute Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Moderate-to-Hot Ambient Conditions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAn ambient-temperature eligibility criterion of ≥22 °C was treated as an operational lower boundary spanning moderate or mildly warm to hot conditions, not as a universal physiological threshold for heat stress. This systematic review and three-level meta-analysis evaluated acute carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) supplementation versus a water or non-caloric placebo during exercise at these temperatures.
methodsFollowing PROSPERO registration (CRD420261410953), five databases were searched to May 2026 for randomized controlled trials. Nested effect sizes were synthesized using three-level random-effects models (Hedges' g), and certainty was evaluated with RoB 2 and GRADE.
resultsA secondary omnibus synthesis included 32 effect sizes from 21 studies (N = 316) and yielded a small positive average estimate (g = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.53;
conclusionsAcute CHO-E supplementation was associated with a small average performance difference, concentrated in aerobic endurance, within the specified ambient-temperature range. Because the trials compared treatments within the same environmental condition rather than hot with thermoneutral exercise, these results do not establish that CHO-E offsets heat-induced performance decrements.
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