ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Medical Image Encryption via CSPRNG-HKDF Key Scheduling, Fractional-Order Modified Chen Hyperchaos, and Dynamic DNA-ARX Diffusion.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Protecting medical images requires encryption methods that combine cryptographic key management with validated nonlinear transformations and effective diffusion mechanisms. This study proposes an encryption-instance-specific framework based on a CSPRNG-generated 256-bit session secret, HMAC-SHA-512-based HKDF with public NOAA/SWPC temporal context, a modified four-dimensional fractional-order Chen system, adaptive bit-plane permutation, position-dependent dynamic DNA transformation, and SPARKLE256-based two-pass ARX-duplex diffusion. The fractional operating region was evaluated through boundedness, Lyapunov-spectrum, bifurcation, phase-portrait, and modified 0-1 chaos analyses. All 10,000 sampled parameter triplets remained finite and bounded, all 1000 Lyapunov-grid configurations satisfied the hyperchaos criterion, and the minimum second Lyapunov exponent was 0.0546; the modified 0-1 test accepted all 35 representative cases with a median
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