ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Stable Observation Generation of Retroreflective Landmarks for Utility-Tunnel Inspection Robots.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Utility tunnels are narrow, repetitive, and GNSS-denied, while reflective infrastructure can create false landmark detections. This paper presents a lightweight observation method for low-cost retroreflective landmarks on inspection robots. The first contribution combines intensity filtering with local geometric verification to suppress reflective-background interference. The second combines sparse-candidate recovery with temporal tracking and state confirmation to retain stable observations under sparse returns and short occlusions. On annotated real LiDAR data, the method achieves 88.7% precision, an F1 score of 80.3%, and a mean processing time of 1.57 ms. The resulting observations are associated with a pre-built reflector map; their real-site contribution to absolute localization accuracy requires external trajectory ground truth and is not claimed here.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.