Conformational Sampling of CPT1A Enables Dynamic Structure-Based Ligand Screening.

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) catalyzes a rate-limiting step in fatty acid β-oxidation and is a target for studies of metabolic disease and cancer. However, the structural dynamics of CPT1A remain poorly understood due to the lack of full-length structure. In this study, we employed an integrated computational approach combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Markov state models (MSMs), and binding free energy calculations to elucidate the conformational landscape of human CPT1A. We performed an all-atom MD simulation of CPT1A embedded in a realistic outer mitochondrial membrane, and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF)-guided local region analysis coupled with MSM transition-path analysis and GROMOS clustering convergently identified a representative conformation. The pathway probabilities reported here describe dominant local transitions within specific mobile segments rather than the global equilibrium population of the full-length protein. Using this representative conformation, we performed a virtual screening of over 1.23 million compounds from the ChemDiv library, followed by Lipinski filtering, yielding five candidates with docking scores below -10 kcal/mol. Subsequent MD simulations and binding free energy calculations confirmed stable binding, with Compound