Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42883778›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Mechanisms of Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Lung Carcinogenesis: DNA Double-Strand Breaks and DNA Repair Inhibition in a Guinea Pig Model.

Idoia Meaza, Haiyan Lu, Jamie L Wise, Sandra Diven, Aggie W Brownell, John Easley, J Calvin Kouokam, John P Wise, Samuel T Vielee, James T F Wise and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Idoia MeazaWise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5292-0843
Haiyan LuWise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6711-0314
Jamie L WiseWise Laboratory of Liver and Environmental Health, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Sandra DivenWise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Aggie W BrownellWise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5840-1585
John EasleyWise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-4964-1499
J Calvin KouokamWise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8679-2536
John P WiseNeuroWise Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9416-8570
Samuel T VieleeDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
James T F WiseWise Laboratory of Nutritional Toxicology and Metabolism, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8878-3841
John Pierce WiseWise Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2587-2855

Funding

UOFL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES TRAINING PROGRAMT32ES011564 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI David W Hein, John Pierce Wise · 2004 to 2026
$7.1M
Chromosome Instability Drives Metal-Induced Lung CancerR35ES032876 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI John Pierce Wise · 2021 to 2026
$6.1M
Cr(VI)-Induced DNA Damage Contributes to Brain AgingR21ES033327 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE · PI WISE, JOHN PIERCE · 2021 to 2022
$430k
NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES033327NIEHS NIH HHS R35 ES032876NIEHS NIH HHS R35ES032876; R21-ES033327: T32ES011564NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES011564
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is an environmental and occupational pollutant and a known lung carcinogen. Despite the exposure risks, it is unclear how Cr(VI) causes lung cancer. Prolonged Cr(VI) exposure induces DNA double-strand breaks and inhibits their repair in exposed cells, leading to chromosome instability, a hallmark of lung cancer. Specifically, Cr(VI) inhibits RAD51, a key effector protein in the homologous recombination repair pathway. The goal of this study was to translate this molecular mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced lung carcinogenesis to a guinea pig model. Hartley guinea pigs 10 to 11-week-old were exposed to zinc chromate via oropharyngeal aspiration for acute (24 h) or subchronic (90-day) exposure. Lungs were dissected and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded. DNA double-strand breaks were measured using gamma-H2AX foci, and homologous recombination repair was assessed using RAD51 foci. Acute Cr(VI) exposure induced gamma-H2AX foci and RAD51 foci, whereas subchronic exposure also caused gamma-H2AX foci but inhibited RAD51 foci. These effects of Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage and repair inhibition were largely observed in bronchiolar regions but not in alveolar regions. This study establishes a new human-relevant model to study Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis and translates the mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced DNA double-strand break formation and repair inhibition to guinea pig lungs.

Indexed as

CarcinogenesisChromiumDNA Breaks, Double-StrandedDNA RepairLung NeoplasmsAnimalsChromatesDisease Models, AnimalGuinea PigsLungMaleRad51 RecombinaseZinc CompoundsChromatesChromiumchromium hexavalent ionRad51 Recombinasezinc chromateZinc CompoundsDNA damageDNA double-strand breaksDNA repairguinea pigshexavalent chromiumhomologous recombination repairlung carcinogenesismetalsoropharyngeal aspirationRAD51

Identifiers

PMID42883778
PMCPMC13664759

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.