Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42882722›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Chemically Modified Walnut Shell Biochar as a Sustainable Filler for Natural Rubber: Surface Properties, Filler-Filler Interactions and Mechanical Performance.

Justyna Miedzianowska-Masłowska, Marcin Masłowski, Wiktor Wyderkiewicz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Justyna Miedzianowska-MasłowskaInstitute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8723-5499
Marcin MasłowskiInstitute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-3160-8943
Wiktor WyderkiewiczInstitute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.ORCID 0009-0005-2897-8873

Funding

Lodz University of Technology W-3D/FU2N/2/2025/G
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Walnut-shell biochar (BC) was investigated as a sustainable filler for natural rubber (NR), with particular emphasis on the effects of chemical purification and subsequent surface functionalization on the properties of the resulting vulcanizates. BC was treated with citric acid (CA) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and subsequently functionalized using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) or cetyl alcohol (CAl). The applied treatments substantially modified the surface chemistry and mineral composition of BC, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Incorporation of BC increased the tensile strength of NR from 14.1 to 22.1 MPa and increased the crosslink density from 2.35 × 10

Indexed as

biocharnatural rubberpolymer compositessurface functionalizationsustainable filler

Identifiers

PMID42882722
PMCPMC13665833

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.