Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42882706›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Optimization of the Performance of Zirconia-Toughened and Mixed-Alumina Ceramic Tools in CNC Turning of 42CrMo4 Steel.

Irina Aleksandrova, Hristo Metev, Hristian Mitev, Trayan Hristov, Simona Tsaneva

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Irina AleksandrovaDepartment of Industrial Technologies and Design, Technical University of Gabrovo, 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria.
Hristo MetevDepartment of Industrial Technologies and Design, Technical University of Gabrovo, 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria.
Hristian MitevDepartment of Industrial Technologies and Design, Technical University of Gabrovo, 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-2004-3767
Trayan HristovDepartment of Industrial Technologies and Design, Technical University of Gabrovo, 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria.
Simona TsanevaDepartment of Industrial Technologies and Design, Technical University of Gabrovo, 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria.

Funding

Operational Programme "Research, Innovation, and Digitalization Program for Intelligent Transformation 2021-2027" BG16RFPR002-1.014-0005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the performance of zirconia-toughened and mixed-alumina ceramic tools in CNC turning of 42CrMo4 steel with hardnesses of 35, 40, and 45 HRC. Empirical models have been developed for the cutting tool lifetime and the surface roughness of the machined surfaces as a function of cutting speed and hardness of the machined material. Through multi-objective compromise optimization via two approaches (the optimal compromise region and the generalized arithmetic mean utility function with weighting coefficients) and the application of a genetic algorithm, the optimal conditions for performing the CNC turning process were determined when using tools made of different mineral ceramics for steel with varying hardness. These conditions provide a tool lifetime exceeding 8 min and a high machined surface quality with a roughness below 1.7 µm.

Indexed as

42CrMo4 steelgeneralized utility functionmulti-purpose optimizationPareto-optimal solutionsroughnesstool lifetimezirconia-toughened and mixed-alumina ceramic tools

Identifiers

PMID42882706
PMCPMC13666321

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.