ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Toughening Mechanism and Nonlinear Water-to-Binder Ratio Effects in Multi-Scale Steel Fiber-Calcium Carbonate Whisker Reinforced Concrete.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The toughening efficiency of multiscale fibers is strongly coupled with the matrix state, yet how the water-to-binder (w/b) ratio shifts the governing reinforcement mechanism remains unclear. Two w/b regimes representing distinct matrix conditions were therefore incorporated into a three-factor, four-level orthogonal design, with water, steel-fiber, and calcium carbonate whisker dosages as variables. Compressive, flexural, and direct tensile strengths, together with failure characteristics, were evaluated to track the transition in mechanical response across the two regimes. In the low w/b ratio regime, the w/b ratio controlled matrix compactness and interfacial quality, significantly affecting compressive and flexural strengths (
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