Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42881518›Full record

ReviewVirulence2026

Itaconate as an immunometabolic hub in host-pathogen interactions: Mechanisms, resistance, and therapeutic opportunities.

Wei Zuo, Xinhui Wang, Jiaxiang Sun, Weiqi Guo, Beibei Zhang, Xinyu Wang, Jiangang Hu, Jingjing Qi, Mingxing Tian, Lei Deng and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Virulence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Wei ZuoShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Xinhui WangShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Jiaxiang SunShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Weiqi GuoShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Beibei ZhangShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Xinyu WangShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Jiangang HuShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Jingjing QiShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Mingxing TianShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6794-2639
Lei DengShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Shaohui WangShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0170-3309
Yanqing BaoShanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3259-1637

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Produced by IRG1 in macrophages, itaconate has emerged as an immunometabolic hub at the host-pathogen interface. This review integrates itaconate's roles in antimicrobial defense. We first examine how itaconate inhibits pathogen metabolism by targeting key enzymes including isocitrate lyase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, and inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Beyond direct inhibition, itaconate reprograms host immunity through SDH suppression, Nrf2 activation, ATF3 induction, and context-dependent NLRP3 regulation, and promotes lysosomal biogenesis via TFEB. Conversely, pathogens have evolved counter strategies including enzymatic degradation, biofilm formation, and immune microenvironment remodeling. We also summarize preclinical evidence supporting itaconate and derivatives' therapeutic potential for infection-associated conditions. Finally, we appraise theoretical gaps and methodological challenges, offering guidance for future investigation in this rapidly advancing field.

Indexed as

Host-Pathogen InteractionsSuccinatesAnimalsFructose-Bisphosphate AldolaseHost-Directed TherapyHumansImmunity, InnateIsocitrate LyaseMacrophagesFructose-Bisphosphate AldolaseIsocitrate Lyaseitaconic acidSuccinatesantimicrobial defensehost-pathogen interactionsimmunometabolisminnate immunityItaconate

Identifiers

PMID42881518
PMCPMC13682400

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.