ArticleBMC research notes2026
The role of men's self-efficacy and women's reports in predicting biochemical exposure to secondhand smoke during pregnancy: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC research notes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveExposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) during pregnancy poses serious health risks. This study investigated the relationships between smoking men's self-efficacy, their cigarette consumption, their pregnant spouses' reported exposure, and salivary cotinine levels as an objective biomarker of SHS exposure.
resultsThis cross-sectional study included 140 smoking men and their pregnant wives in Isfahan, Iran. Mean (SD) men's self-efficacy was 37.86 (4.27), cigarette consumption was 6.46 (4.50) cigarettes/day, reported exposure was 1.83 (1.82) cigarettes/day, and salivary cotinine was 52.90 (33.39) pg/ml. Significant correlations were observed between self-efficacy and cigarette consumption (r = -0.31), self-efficacy and reported exposure (r = -0.41), self-efficacy and cotinine (r = -0.27), and between reported exposure and cotinine (r = 0.72). In the adjusted regression model, women's reported exposure (β = 0.63, p < 0.001) and men's self-efficacy (β = -0.14, p = 0.022) independently explained 56% of the variance in salivary cotinine. Men with higher education and non-manual occupations exhibited significantly higher self-efficacy and lower exposure outcomes. Higher men's self-efficacy was associated with lower cigarette consumption and lower spousal exposure. Women's reports were the strongest predictor of cotinine, with men's self-efficacy providing an independent additive contribution.
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