Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42881195›Full record

ReviewCommunications biology2026

Towards a unified biology of vertebrate number sense.

Mirko Zanon, Andrea Messina, Brian Butterworth, Giorgio Vallortigara, Caroline H Brennan, Jose Vicente Torres-Pérez, Maria Elena Miletto-Petrazzini

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Communications biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Mirko Zanon *Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy. mirko.zanon@unitn.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4062-1496
Andrea Messina *Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7363-4301
Brian ButterworthUCL Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, London, UK.
Giorgio VallortigaraCenter for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, TN, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8192-9062
Caroline H BrennanSchool of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-4083
Jose Vicente Torres-PérezDepartment of Cellular and Functional Biology, University of València, Burjassot, València, Spain. jose.vicente.torres@uv.es.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6390-9690
Maria Elena Miletto-PetrazziniDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. mariaelena.milettopetrazzini@unipd.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-5863

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Number sense, the ability to estimate and compare numerical quantities, emerges early in development and is widespread across species. Despite decades of work on behavioural and neural correlates of numerosity, the genetic and mechanistic foundations remain poorly integrated. We propose a review and perspective that brings together evidence from vertebrates. Our unique focus relies on how genetic variation, brain lateralisation, and neural circuit organisation across development shape number cognition. We highlight zebrafish (Danio rerio) and chicks (Gallus gallus) as complementary comparative models that can uncover conserved principles and novel mechanisms, opening new avenues for studying the biological bases of numerical cognition and its disorders from the very early developmental stages.

Indexed as

CognitionVertebratesZebrafishAnimalsBrainChickens

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.