Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42879421›Full record

ArticlePloS one2026

Healthy lifestyle as a protective factor against the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: Prospective population cohort analysis.

Lei Peng, Xueqin Li, Jinfeng Qi, Liming Zhang, Zhenqing Yang, Xucheng Wu, Xueqing Jia, George O Agogo, Guoju Liu, Kongxi Zhu and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Lei PengDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7413-240X
Xueqin LiCenter for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Jinfeng QiDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Liming ZhangCenter for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Zhenqing YangCenter for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Xucheng WuCenter for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Xueqing JiaCenter for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
George O AgogoDivision of Global Health Protection, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Nairobi, Kenya.
Guoju LiuDepartment of Physiology, Shandong Medical College, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Kongxi ZhuDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Zuyun LiuCenter for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Genxiang MaoZhejiang Key Laboratory of Geriatrics and Geriatrics Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
Honglei WuDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLifestyle modifications are recommended by American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) for managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a significant health issue; but evidence is scarce. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal association between healthy lifestyle behaviors and the risk of GERD.

methodsWe analyzed data from 306,543 participants aged between 38 and 73 years without GERD at baseline from the UK Biobank. A summarized healthy lifestyle score (range, 0-7) was calculated using seven items: never smoking, healthy sleep, moderate body mass index (BMI), regular physical exercise, moderate alcohol intake, healthy diet, and moderate tea/coffee intake. Multivariable Cox regression was performed to examine the associations.

resultDuring a mean follow-up of 12.7 years, 27,943 (9.1%) GERD cases were identified. Each healthy lifestyle, except for moderate alcohol intake (hazard ratios [HR], 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.03) was associated with a lower risk of GERD. Relative to participants with less than 2 of summarized healthy lifestyle score, those with 2, 3, 4, and 5-7 of this score showed a significantly lower risk of GERD, with the HR of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90-0.98), 0.83 (0.80-0.86), 0.74 (0.71-0.77), 0.63 (0.60-0.66), respectively (P for trend <0.001). Stratified analysis shows that the above associations were more pronounced among participants who were younger (< 60 years), female and employed (all P for interaction <0.05). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated similar results.

conclusionsThis study highlights the importance of adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors in reducing the prevalence of GERD in the general population.

Indexed as

Gastroesophageal RefluxHealthy LifestyleAdultAgedAlcohol DrinkingExerciseFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesProtective FactorsRisk FactorsUnited Kingdom

Identifiers

PMID42879421
PMCPMC13671543

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.