ArticlePloS one2026
HLA-driven variability in human cytomegalovirus immune recognition: Epitope predictions from a kidney transplant Cohort.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection causes life-threatening complications in transplant recipients. Despite a seroprevalence exceeding 90% in Peru, the influence of HLA diversity on HCMV immune recognition remains unexplored in the South American region. We aimed to characterize the HLA allele distribution in a Peruvian cohort and evaluate its impact on the predicted HCMV antigen-presentation landscape.
methodsHLA genotyping (loci A, B, C, DRB1, DQA1, DQB1) was performed in 562 kidney transplant candidates and related donors. Common allele groups (AF5%) were assigned 4-digit resolution proxies based on local prevalence. Linear T-cell epitopes from the immunodominant antigens 65 kDa phosphoprotein (pp65), Immediate early protein 1 (IE1), and Envelope glycoprotein B (gB) were predicted using high-performance algorithms. Allelic capacity to strongly bind antigenic peptides was quantified using the Predicted Strong Binder Density (PSBD).
resultsWe identified 16 HLA-I and 10 HLA-II common allele groups; 92% of their 4-digit proxies are widely distributed in SAM, while C*15:12 emerged as a potentially endemic variant in Peru. Screening yielded 954 HLA-I candidate epitopes, including 169 that correspond to previously reported IEDB epitopes with potential for immunotherapy. PSBD analysis revealed distinct predicted antigen-presentation profiles across the common HLA variants identified.
conclusionOur findings provide updated Peruvian HLA data and define regional HCMV antigen-presentation profiles based on predicted MHC-peptide binding affinity (PSBD). Further experimental validation of these high-confidence candidate epitopes and HLA-HCMV association studies will be necessary to determine their immunogenicity and potential utility for immune monitoring and future immunotherapeutic applications across South American populations.
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