SynthesisImmunologic research2026
Association of immune checkpoint-related polymorphisms in PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 genes with susceptibility to genitourinary cancer: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Immunologic research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This meta-analysis explored the association of immune checkpoint-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) genes with susceptibility to various genitourinary (GU) cancers, including urothelial carcinoma (UC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and prostate cancer (PCa). PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for case-control studies from inception to April 2026. Six SNPs, including PD-1 (rs2227981), PD-L1 (rs4143815), and CTLA-4 (rs3087243, rs231775, rs5742909, and rs11571302), were examined. The relationships between the SNPs and cancer susceptibility were evaluated using pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dominant, recessive, and allele models. This study considered 16 case-control studies. PD-L1 rs4143815 was associated with a significantly decreased risk of UC in Asian populations under the dominant model (CC + CG vs. GG: OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.14-0.87). CTLA-4 rs5742909 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of GU cancer in dominant model (TT + TC vs. CC: OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.11-1.80) and allele model (T vs. C: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.05-1.72). A significantly increased risk of UC was further identified among Asian population in the dominant model (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.04-2.34). No significant associations were observed for the other SNPs. In conclusion, specific polymorphisms in immune checkpoint-related genes, particularly PD-L1 rs4143815 and CTLA-4 rs5742909, are associated with susceptibility to GU cancer in Asian populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42878951What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.