Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42878232›Full record

ArticleHuman molecular genetics2026

Gene regulatory behaviors of mutant CRX proteins demonstrated with late-stage human retinal organoids.

Nathaniel K Mullin, Andrew P Voigt, Deepak A Lamba, Kathleen R Chirco

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human molecular genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Nathaniel K MullinInstitute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4320-2852
Andrew P VoigtInstitute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8107-8317
Deepak A LambaDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States.
Kathleen R ChircoDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States.

Funding

Proteomics CoreP30EY010572 · NEI · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI Kate E Keller · 1995 to 2026
$19.4M
Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM139776 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI Gordon F Buchanan · 2021 to 2026
$6.4M
PREDOCTORAL TRAINING PROGRAM IN GENETICST32GM008629 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI EBERL, DANIEL F · 1997 to 2021
$4.1M
Enhancing photoreceptor integration using microglia-derived secreted factorsR01EY025779 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI LAMBA, DEEPAK ASHOK · 2016 to 2020
$2.4M
Disease modeling and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated rescue of dominant Leber congenital amaurosis retinal phenotypesF32EY031242 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CHIRCO, KATHLEEN R · 2020 to 2022
$181k
Pathogenesis of Mitochondrial Retina DiseaseF30EY034009 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI MULLIN, NATHANIEL KEVIN · 2022 to 2023
$76k
NEI NIH HHS F30 EY034009NEI NIH HHS F32 EY031242NEI NIH HHS K99 EY33833NEI NIH HHS P30 EY010572NEI NIH HHS R01 EY025779NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008629NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM139776RPBThe Claire Giannini FoundationThe Malcolm M. Marquis, MD Endowed Fund for Innovation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Variants in the transcription factor CRX cause a spectrum of retinal degenerative disorders including Leber congenital amaurosis 7 (LCA7). LCA7-associated variants exert a dominant effect in developing photoreceptor cells, leading to cellular dysfunction and poor to absent visual acuity in patients. Here, we dissect the allelic heterogeneity of LCA7 using multimodal single-cell gene expression and chromatin accessibility analysis of retinal organoids. We generated mature (240 day) retinal organoids from patient-derived iPSCs carrying missense (K88Q) and nonsense (T155fs) variants, as well as from CRISPR-corrected control lines. We show that these variants, while both causing LCA7, produce unique transcriptional changes in human photoreceptors. Furthermore, the K88Q variant causes aberrant chromatin accessibility at sites typically bound by non-photoreceptor retinal transcription factors, indicating a partial derangement of normal retinal cell fate programming. This work demonstrates the gene regulatory mechanisms of pathogenicity of two disease-causing CRX variants in human retinal cells.

Indexed as

Homeodomain ProteinsLeber Congenital AmaurosisOrganoidsRetinaTrans-ActivatorsGene Expression RegulationHumansInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsMutationTranscription Factorscone rod homeobox proteinHomeodomain ProteinsTrans-ActivatorsTranscription FactorsCRXiPSCLeber congenital amaurosisretinal organoidscATAC-seqscRNA-seq

Identifiers

PMID42878232
PMCPMC13669955

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.