ArticleCureus2026
Associations Between Selected Autoimmune and Immune-Mediated Conditions and Lymphoma Among Hospitalized Adults: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and Sjögren's disease have been associated with lymphoma, but estimates from large, hospitalized populations remain limited. Asthma is not a classic autoimmune disease and was evaluated as a comparator immune-mediated inflammatory condition.
objectiveTo examine the associations of RA, SLE, Sjögren's disease, celiac disease, and asthma with the odds of a recorded diagnosis of lymphoma among adult hospitalizations in the United States.
methodsA retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) discharge records from 2017 to 2020. The analytic sample included 39,838 hospitalizations with lymphoma and a random sample of 39,838 hospitalizations without lymphoma. Separate and mutually adjusted logistic regression models were adjusted for documented tobacco use, HIV infection, organ transplantation, age, race, and sex. A sensitivity analysis excluded hospitalizations involving HIV infection or organ transplantation.
resultsThe analysis included 79,676 hospitalizations. In the fully adjusted model, lymphoma was associated with RA, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.30 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.18-1.45; SLE, with an aOR of 2.12 and a 95% CI of 1.76-2.57; and Sjögren's disease, with an aOR of 2.35 and a 95% CI of 1.79-3.09. All p-values were < 0.001. Celiac disease (aOR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.71-1.45; p = 0.937) and asthma (aOR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.98-1.13; p = 0.134) were not independently associated with lymphoma. The sensitivity analysis showed the same overall pattern.
conclusionIn this balanced inpatient sample, RA, SLE, and Sjögren's disease were independently associated with higher odds of a recorded lymphoma diagnosis, whereas celiac disease and asthma were not independently associated after adjustment. These discharge-level associations do not estimate population prevalence or incidence and should not be interpreted as evidence of causation.
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