Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42877912›Full record

ArticleJSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons

Credit Where Credit's Due: Gynecology Paves the Way for MIS (Minimally Invasive Surgery).

Camran Nezhat, Barbara Page, Zahra Najmi, Saira Kothari, Neel Ambarge, Isabella Choi, Arman Sirjani, Shreeya Rao Lalam, Ceana Nezhat, Farr Nezhat

Abstract readHistorical Article
In one paragraph

Article in JSLS : Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Camran NezhatCamran Nezhat Institute Center for Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Woodside, California, USA. (Drs. Ca. Nezhat, Najmi, Kothari, Ms. Page, Mr. Ambarge, Ms. Choi, Mr. Sirjani, Ms. Lalam).
Barbara PageCamran Nezhat Institute Center for Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Woodside, California, USA. (Drs. Ca. Nezhat, Najmi, Kothari, Ms. Page, Mr. Ambarge, Ms. Choi, Mr. Sirjani, Ms. Lalam).
Zahra NajmiCamran Nezhat Institute Center for Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Woodside, California, USA. (Drs. Ca. Nezhat, Najmi, Kothari, Ms. Page, Mr. Ambarge, Ms. Choi, Mr. Sirjani, Ms. Lalam).
Saira KothariCamran Nezhat Institute Center for Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Woodside, California, USA. (Drs. Ca. Nezhat, Najmi, Kothari, Ms. Page, Mr. Ambarge, Ms. Choi, Mr. Sirjani, Ms. Lalam).
Neel AmbargeCamran Nezhat Institute Center for Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Woodside, California, USA. (Drs. Ca. Nezhat, Najmi, Kothari, Ms. Page, Mr. Ambarge, Ms. Choi, Mr. Sirjani, Ms. Lalam).
Isabella ChoiCamran Nezhat Institute Center for Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Woodside, California, USA. (Drs. Ca. Nezhat, Najmi, Kothari, Ms. Page, Mr. Ambarge, Ms. Choi, Mr. Sirjani, Ms. Lalam).
Arman SirjaniCamran Nezhat Institute Center for Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Woodside, California, USA. (Drs. Ca. Nezhat, Najmi, Kothari, Ms. Page, Mr. Ambarge, Ms. Choi, Mr. Sirjani, Ms. Lalam).
Shreeya Rao LalamCamran Nezhat Institute Center for Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Woodside, California, USA. (Drs. Ca. Nezhat, Najmi, Kothari, Ms. Page, Mr. Ambarge, Ms. Choi, Mr. Sirjani, Ms. Lalam).
Ceana NezhatNezhat Medical Center, Atlanta Center for Special Minimally Invasive Surgery and Reproductive Medicine, Atlanta, Geargia, USA. (Dr. Ce. Nezhat).
Farr NezhatNezhat Surgery for Gynecology/Oncology, Manhattan, New York, USA. (Dr. F. Nezhat).

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The introduction of modern-day minimally invasive surgery (MIS) marked a turning point in the history of medicine, driving one of the sharpest declines in surgical mortality and morbidity ever recorded-standing alongside antisepsis and antibiotics as one of the most consequential life-saving advances in medical history. By averting an estimated 10 to 20 million surgical deaths and sparing over 1 billion patients the severe, long-term disabilities once inherent to large-incision approaches, MIS transformed surgical practice across all disciplines within a single generation. As a first-person historical account and companion piece to our systematic outcomes review, this Clinical Opinion reconstructs the lived experience of that paradigm shift: from the haunting realities of 1970s open laparotomy to Camran Nezhat's pioneering transition from eyepiece laparoscopy to monitor-guided operative endoscopy. The author reflects on the personal motivations, technological improvisations, and multidisciplinary collaborations that expanded videoendoscopy beyond diagnostics into complex operative interventions, as well as the fierce institutional resistance that nearly extinguished the movement. Beyond its technical achievements-including dramatic reductions in perioperative blood loss, multiunit transfusions, infections, and hospital stays-MIS catalyzed a fundamental reimagining of surgery itself. It inverted two centuries of surgical doctrine, replacing the belief that "the bigger the incision, the better the surgeon" with a new ethos centered on shared visualization, organ preservation, and pathology-directed precision. Ultimately, this narrative highlights the cost of innovation, the role of patients as the true drivers of progress, and the ongoing obligation to ensure equitable global access to minimally invasive and robotic-assisted care.

Indexed as

Gynecologic Surgical ProceduresLaparoscopyMinimally Invasive Surgical ProceduresHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 21st CenturyHumansEndometriosisHealth equitHistory of surgeryLaparoscopic cholecystectomyMinimally invasive surgeryRobotic surgerySurgical educationSurgical innovationVATSVideo-assisted laparoscopyVideo-assisted thoracoscopyVideoendoscopyVideohysteroscopyVideosurgery

Identifiers

PMID42877912
PMCPMC13667899

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.