Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42877733›Full record

ArticleArchives of medical science : AMS2026

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems in Poland, Europe, and beyond in 2025: principles, available technologies, and future perspectives.

Oskar Kublin, Dorota Filipowicz, Mariusz Stępień

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of medical science : AMS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Oskar KublinDepartment of Family Medicine, Internal Diseases and Social Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
Dorota FilipowiczDepartment of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
Mariusz StępieńDepartment of Family Medicine, Internal Diseases and Social Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In recent years, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems have become increasingly common and more widely available for people with diabetes. A variety of devices appearing on the market, together with their increasing integration with other tools (insulin pumps, watches, and smartphone applications), require medical personnel to have a solid basic knowledge of CGMs, continuous follow-up, updated expertise extending beyond the local market, and a future-oriented perspective. Additionally, low-quality products without proper evaluation, which do not meet the standards established by diabetes societies, become available to patients. To provide an extended background on CGM technology principles, basic knowledge of results presentation, and interpretation according to recommendations, this review presents the most common devices, along with a cost-effectiveness analysis and a critical assessment. Furthermore, future perspectives are discussed, including AI technologies and modern solutions to enhance user comfort.

Indexed as

advanced hybrid closed-loopcontinuous glucose monitoringdiabetes technologydiabetes type 1insulin

Identifiers

PMID42877733
PMCPMC13664236

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.