Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42877610›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in veterinary science2026

Plant extracts as alternatives for chemical disinfectants in veterinary settings in seven sub-Saharan African countries.

Abass Elhadi, Alaa Ibrahim, Enass M Abdalla, Julius B Okuni, Victoria O Adetunji, Akinlabi Ogunleye, George Ademowo, Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel, Yakhya Dieye, Michael Frímpong and 6 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Abass ElhadiDepartment of Surgery and Anaesthesia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Alaa IbrahimDepartment of Animal Health and Safety of Animal Products, Institute for Studies and Promotion of Animal Exports, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Enass M AbdallaInstitute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Julius B OkuniCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Victoria O AdetunjiDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Akinlabi OgunleyeDepartment of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
George AdemowoInstitute for Advanced Medical Research and Training College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Yimtubezinash WoldeamanuelCDT-Africa, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Yakhya DieyeDepartment of Microbiology, Institute Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
Michael FrímpongKumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Sheila Makiala-MandandaInstitut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Annemarie KaesbohrerGerman Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
Damalie NakanjakoDepartment of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Ahmed Abd El WahedInstitute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Uwe TruyenInstitute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
Kamal H EltomDepartment of Animal Health and Safety of Animal Products, Institute for Studies and Promotion of Animal Exports, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North, Sudan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Extracts of many medicinal plants possess antimicrobial activities and have been suggested in many studies as alternative antimicrobial agents to overcome the increasing antimicrobial-resistant bacteria worldwide. But the potential use of these medicinal plants in disinfection received little or no attention, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Aim of the study: This review aimed at identifying from available literature candidate medicinal plants for use as alternatives for chemical disinfectants in resource-limited veterinary settings in seven African countries (Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, the Sudan and Uganda). Materials and methods: Online search in PubMed was conducted for literature from Africa on medicinal plants with reported antimicrobial activity. Then, five medicinal plants were selected based on documented antimicrobial activity of the aqueous extract, the plant part used for extraction, presence in all countries of the study, affordability and availability of sufficient online literature. Results: The selected plant species were Conclusion: The aqueous extracts of these medicinal plants can be prepared by simple techniques without sophisticated equipment. The long use of these medicinal plants in food or in ethnomedicine support their use as safe, accessible, sustainable and low-cost disinfectants in settings where chemical disinfectants are scarce, expensive, or supply-chain dependent. It should be emphasized that application conditions, concentrations and preparation methods require standardization and evaluation before practical use in disinfection.

Indexed as

Acacia/Vachellia niloticaAloe veraCitrus ×aurantiifoliaHibiscus sabdariffaMoringa oleifera

Identifiers

PMID42877610
PMCPMC13663173

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.