ArticleFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience2026
Speech-sound memory consolidation over a daytime nap in adults with and without developmental language disorder.
Article in Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Sleep plays a critical role in memory consolidation, yet its contribution to the formation of perceptual-linguistic representations remains only partially understood. In the current study, we examined sleep spindles and slow oscillations (SOs) in relation to offline changes in speech-sound memory in adults across a wide range of language ability. Methods: Twenty-nine monolingual English-speaking participants completed a perceptual training task contrasting retroflex /ɖ/ and dental /d̪/ consonants, followed by a polysomnography-monitored nap. Results: Slow spindle density was positively associated with perceptual discrimination performance following a nap, whereas slow oscillation (SO) density was negatively associated. SO-slow spindle coupling strength was significantly correlated with language difficulty amongst those with developmental language disorder, such that those with a lower synchronization index were observed with greater difficulties in language ability. Discussion: Together, these findings point to the potential relationship between sleep and perceptual-linguistic representation, and developmental language disorder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.