ArticleJournal of surgical case reports2026
Bilateral breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma presenting as late peri-implant effusion: a case report.
Article in Journal of surgical case reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare T-cell lymphoma strongly associated with textured breast implants; bilateral synchronous disease is exceptionally uncommon. We report a 51-year-old woman with 6 months of right breast swelling, 20 years after bilateral augmentation and 3 years after revision surgery. Imaging showed bilateral peri-implant effusions with irregular capsular thickening. Ultrasound-guided aspiration revealed malignant cells suspicious for high-grade lymphoma, and staging positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed no distant disease. The patient underwent bilateral en-bloc capsulectomy with removal of both implants. Using the tumor, node, metastasis staging system for BIA-ALCL, the disease was classified as T3N0M0 (Stage IC) bilaterally. Histopathology confirmed bilateral BIA-ALCL with CD30-positive, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative cells. Postoperative PET-CT showed patchy metabolic activity, but biopsy confirmed a foreign body giant cell reaction without residual malignancy. Bilateral BIA-ALCL should be considered with late peri-implant effusion even when symptoms are unilateral, and suspicious postoperative PET-CT findings require histological confirmation.
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