Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42877430›Full record

ArticleNeurosurgery practice2026

Development and Validation of a Human Cadaveric Model for Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Nishanth Krishnan, Yigit C Senol, Prabhat Kumar, Adrian Liu, Nanditha Krishnan, Daniel Leong, Mona Asghariahmadabad, Atakan Orscelik, Daniel Raper, Luis E Savastano

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Article in Neurosurgery practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nishanth KrishnanDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Yigit C SenolDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Prabhat KumarDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-6737
Adrian LiuDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6387-6322
Nanditha KrishnanDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Daniel LeongDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Mona AsghariahmadabadDepartment of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Atakan OrscelikDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Daniel RaperDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Luis E SavastanoDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesTo develop and validate an anatomically accurate human cadaveric intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model that replicates the radiographic and mechanical properties of spontaneous lobar ICH, enabling training and testing of minimally invasive surgical evacuation techniques.

methodsHuman-derived thrombi were created using mixtures of banked human packed red blood cells, fresh-frozen plasma, and iodinated contrast. Thrombi with physiologic viscoelastic properties were identified through rheometric analysis benchmarked against patient-derived intraoperative ICH specimens. Fresh, never-frozen cadaveric head-and-neck specimens were obtained via the institutional willed body program. After partial embalming, transorbital surgical corridors enabled clot placement in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, while an infratentorial midline mini-craniotomy was used to insert occipital lobe clots.

resultsHuman-derived clots composed of 95% fresh-frozen plasma most closely mimicked the mechanical properties of real ICH specimens. Transorbital and occipital approaches allowed for precise, reproducible hematoma placement. Flat-panel computed tomography imaging provided sufficient radiodensity contrast to delineate the clot from the surrounding brain parenchyma.

conclusionWe report the first human cadaveric lobar ICH model using rheologically validated, surgically implanted human-derived clots. This model provides a reproducible platform for device evaluation, procedural development, and training in minimally invasive surgical evacuation of ICH.

Indexed as

Cadaveric modelENRICH trialIntracerebral hemorrhageMinimally invasive ICH evacuation

Identifiers

PMID42877430
PMCPMC13668296

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.