ArticlePublic health challenges2026
Determinants of Age-Appropriate Childhood Immunization Uptake: A Cross-Sectional Study of Caregiver, Child, Knowledge, Access, and Attitudinal Factors.
Article in Public health challenges, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Childhood immunization is among the most cost-effective public health strategies for reducing under-five morbidity and mortality. However, full immunization coverage for age remains suboptimal in many low- and middle-income countries due to factors related to caregivers, children, health systems, and sociocultural contexts. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of full immunization for age and identify its associated determinants across multiple domains. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 364 caregiver-child pairs. Full immunization for age was the outcome variable. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, child factors, caregiver knowledge and perceptions, access to health services, and attitudes and practices. Chi-square tests identified associations, and variables significant at Results: Overall, 261 children (71.7%) were fully immunized for age. Caregiver education was a strong predictor: children of caregivers with primary (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.91), secondary (AOR = 3.30), and tertiary education (AOR = 4.71) were significantly more likely to be fully immunized than those with no education. Rural residence increased the odds of full immunization (AOR = 3.23), as did household size ≥6 (AOR = 2.06). Older child age strongly predicted full immunization, particularly among children aged 12-17 months (AOR = 5.42) and 18-23 months (AOR = 6.83). Health facility delivery nearly quadrupled the likelihood of full immunization (AOR = 3.96). Reliance on non-health worker information sources reduced uptake, whereas shorter travel time to facilities, regular community immunization sessions, intention for catch-up vaccination (AOR = 8.74), and positive community advocacy significantly increased coverage. Conclusion: Full immunization for age is shaped by caregiver education, child age, health service accessibility, and caregiver attitudes. Interventions should prioritize caregiver education, strengthen health-worker-led communication, promote facility-based deliveries, and expand regular community immunization services to improve coverage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.