ArticleClinics in orthopedic surgery2026
Development and Validation of a Perioperative Risk Update Model for Postoperative Delirium in Patients Aged ≥ 80 Years Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Clinics in orthopedic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) remains a frequent and serious complication after hip fracture surgery in very old patients. A clinically usable risk model could facilitate perioperative risk updating and targeted prevention in this vulnerable population. Methods: We retrospectively included consecutive patients aged ≥ 80 years undergoing hip fracture surgery between January 2021 and December 2023 (n = 666). POD during hospitalization was the primary outcome. Candidate predictors covering demographics, comorbidities, perioperative variables, and routine laboratory tests were prespecified. Predictors were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator with 10-fold cross-validation and entered into multivariable logistic regression to develop a nomogram. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility were assessed. External validation was conducted in an institutionally related cohort (January 2024 to December 2025) using identical eligibility criteria. Two sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness. Results: POD occurred in 99 patients (14.9%). The final nomogram included 14 predictors and showed excellent discrimination in the derivation cohort, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.913 (95% CI, 0.877-0.948). At the optimal predicted-probability threshold of 0.274, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.788 and 0.922, respectively. Bootstrap calibration demonstrated close agreement between predicted and observed risks, with a bias-corrected mean absolute error of 0.009. In the external validation cohort, the model retained good discrimination, with an AUC of 0.884. In addition, the preoperative-only sensitivity model also retained good predictive performance. Conclusions: This nomogram provides individualized perioperative POD risk estimation for octogenarian patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Additionally, clinically meaningful risk estimation may also be feasible before surgery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.