ArticleFrontiers in digital health2026
What and when: a Delphi study identifying AI competencies and learning objectives for medical students.
Article in Frontiers in digital health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes embedded in clinical practice, medical graduates must be prepared to use it competently and critically. AI competencies and learning objectives (LOs) for medical students are needed. This study identifies these competencies and LOs for undergraduate medical education (UGME), particularly following the public release of large language models in 2022. Methods: A four-round modified Delphi process was conducted between May 2024 and January 2025. The panel included medical students ( Results: The process identified 7 competencies and 37 supporting LOs essential for medical graduates. Timelines for incorporating these across UGME were also identified as guidelines. Discussion: This study offers a framework for integrating AI into UGME, combining theoretical understanding with ethical use to prepare future physicians for clinical practice. Developed with input from students and multinational AI expert stakeholders, these competencies and LOs constitute a student-partnered, internationally informed framework that may guide curricular development in other settings.
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