ArticleAnimal reproduction2026
Biomarkers of sperm fertility in pigs: a relevant tool for the discrimination of sub‑fertile males?
Article in Animal reproduction, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
In internally fertilizing animals, such as the pig, males transfer not only spermatozoa but also a complex mixture collectively termed seminal plasma (SP). SP contains diverse bioactive components, including proteins, peptides, cytokines, and various RNA species. Growing evidence indicates that SP contributes not only to the sperm quality but also modulates the female's immune responses. Major progress in biological knowledge and in the discovery of sperm quality biomarkers has been driven by advances in biotechnology and by the increasing affordability of omics technologies. With modern proteomic, (epi)genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and functional analyses applied directly to semen, it is now possible to evaluate not only the functional state of the testes, epididymis, and accessory glands, but also to predict fertility through emerging biomarkers. Beyond diagnostics and fertility forecasting, new opportunities arise from the sperm quality biomarker definition using semen additives-such as specific molecules (proteins, peptides, enzymes) or extracellular vesicles (EVs). These EVs contain bioactive cargo protected within nanovesicles that can be isolated, stored, or even produced de novo
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