ArticleCureus2026
Prevalence and Pattern of Thyroid Dysfunction Among Women of Reproductive Age With Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: A Prospective Observational Study.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common gynecological condition that adversely affects the quality of life of women of reproductive age. Thyroid dysfunction is a recognized but often underdiagnosed non-structural endocrine cause of AUB that may be amenable to medical treatment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and pattern of thyroid dysfunction among reproductive-aged women with AUB and evaluate its association with demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), thyroid hormone profile, and International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) menstrual bleeding patterns. Methodology This prospective observational study was conducted among 150 reproductive-aged women (18-45 years) presenting with AUB at a tertiary care hospital in North India. Consecutive sampling was used for participant enrolment. Women with structural causes of AUB were excluded after clinical evaluation and ultrasonography according to the FIGO PALM-COEIN classification. Thyroid function was assessed using serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (T3), and total thyroxine (T4). Participants were categorized into euthyroid and thyroid dysfunction groups, and clinicodemographic characteristics, BMI, thyroid hormone profiles, and menstrual bleeding patterns were compared. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors independently associated with thyroid dysfunction and menorrhagia. Results Thyroid dysfunction was identified in 45 of 150 women (30.0%). Overt hypothyroidism was the most common subtype (19/45, 42.2%), followed by subclinical hypothyroidism (16/45, 35.6%) and overt hyperthyroidism (10/45, 22.2%). No cases of subclinical hyperthyroidism were identified. Thyroid dysfunction was significantly associated with age >30 years (
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