ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Teaching the true cost of medicines: white paper for a green and sustainable pharmacology curriculum.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The drug lifecycle imposes a growing environmental burden, evident in pharmaceutical pollution, escalating consumption of finite resources (energy, water, and raw materials) and a substantial carbon footprint. Meeting these challenges requires more than technological fixes; it demands a workforce trained to recognise, evaluate, and reduce the environmental impacts of medicines while safeguarding patient outcomes. However, recent scoping and systematic reviews consistently note a gap in health professions education: few curricula provide structured, evidence-informed approaches for integrating environmental sustainability and planetary health into pharmacology and related training. The discipline of pharmacology is uniquely suited for integrating green and sustainability principles because it sits at the decision-point where molecular mechanisms become real-world medicine use and environmental impact. This paper presents a white paper proposing a Green and Sustainable Pharmacology Curriculum and an actionable strategy for embedding sustainability principles within core pharmacology teaching. Targeted at biomedical scientists, pharmacists, and prescribers, the curriculum is designed to strengthen decision-making across the medicine lifecycle, including greener selection, rational use, and responsible disposal. We outline a curriculum development framework that applies Understanding by Design and outcome-based evaluation through four streamlined steps: (1) needs analysis, (2) curation of priority content topics, (3) constructive alignment of learning activities with intended competencies, and (4) assessment aligned to learning outcomes. By offering an adaptable blueprint for local implementation, this white paper aims to accelerate adoption by pharmacology departments worldwide. Ultimately, the curriculum seeks to shift learners from concerned global citizens to empowered pharmacologists with personal agency implement workplace changes that mitigate environmental harms and to serve as thought leaders advancing sustainable healthcare.
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Registered trials
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