ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Gut microbiome profiles of two limestone forest-dwelling langurs show stronger influence of host-associated factors than environment.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Host-associated factor and the environment play crucial roles in shaping the composition and function of the gut microbiome. Considerable debate exists regarding the relative influence of host-associated and environmental factors on the gut microbiome. To determine the relative importance of host-associated factors and environmental factors in langurs, we employed metagenomic sequencing to examine differences in the gut microbiome of the white-headed langurs ( Results: The results revealed that the alpha diversity of the gut microbiome significantly differed between white-headed langurs and François' langurs in similar habitats. However, there was no significant variation in the alpha diversity between the wild and captive François' langurs. Similarly, the proportion of Bacillota differed between the langur species, with a higher proportion in the white-headed langurs than the François' langurs. In addition, significant separation in gut microbiome functions also occurred between the two species. The functional genes related to metabolism (e.g., carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism) and Glycoside Hydrolases in wild François' langurs were more abundant than in the other langurs. The results of PCoA showed that the pathways were significantly separated between white-headed langurs and François' langurs at four levels in the KEGG database, whereas the pathways showed no significant differences between the wild and captive François' langurs except for module level. The proportion of ARGs related to multidrug resistance was higher in wild François' langurs, likely associated with the utilization of poultry manure and antibacterial biocides in the langur's habitat. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the host-associated factors have stronger influence on shaping the gut microbiome of langurs than environmental factors. These findings provide data on the relative contributions of host-associated factors and environmental factors to the gut microbiome of langurs and identify potential driving factors for antibiotic resistance genes. In addition, these findings provide crucial insights into the influence of host-associated factors on the gut microbiome, offering a theoretical basis for future langur conservation strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.