ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Clinical, polysomnographic, and psychological profiles across questionnaire-defined symptom groups in obstructive sleep apnea.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has heterogeneous symptom presentations that are not fully captured by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). We aimed to identify demographic, polysomnographic, and psychological profiles across four questionnaire-defined symptom groups in OSA patients. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 789 treatment-naïve patients with OSA (AHI ≥5 events/h) who underwent overnight polysomnography and neuropsychological assessment between May 2021 and August 2025. Participants were classified into four symptom-groups: low symptom burden, poor sleep quality only, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) only, and combined poor sleep quality and EDS, using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with these symptom-groups, with the low symptom burden group as the reference. Results showed that the poor sleep quality only symptom-group was most prevalent (49.0%), followed by the low symptom burden group (29.8%), the combined group (14.3%), and the EDS-only group (6.8%). Female sex, lower BMI, altered sleep continuity and sleep-stage distribution were associated with the poor sleep quality only group, whereas younger age, shorter sleep onset latency and a shorter maximum hypopnea duration were associated with the EDS-only group. Higher PHQ-9 and CFS scores were consistently associated with all three higher symptom-burden groups (all
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