ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Season-adjusted longitudinal changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D during pegylated interferon add-on to ongoing tenofovir alafenamide therapy in chronic hepatitis B: a real-world cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: To characterize serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] trajectories during peginterferon alfa-2b (Peg-IFN) add-on to ongoing tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) therapy in chronic hepatitis B and explore associations with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Methods: This retrospective cohort identified 203 consecutive patients, of whom 190 contributed longitudinal data through week 48. The primary random-intercept mixed-effects model used categorical visit time and adjusted for seasonality, age, and sex. Continuous-time, random-slope, visit-timing, and HBsAg-censoring analyses assessed sensitivity. Results: The primary adjusted week-48 25(OH)D difference was -7.9 nmol/L (95% CI, -9.8 to -6.0) ( Conclusions: Serum 25(OH)D showed a non-linear decline during 48 weeks of follow-up, and the week-48 difference remained evident after adjustment for seasonality. However, without a concurrent comparator, the observed change cannot be attributed specifically to Peg-IFN, TAF, or their combination. Exploratory analyses suggested only a weak concurrent relationship between 25(OH)D and HBsAg, without evidence of prediction or causality. The clinical relevance of the observed changes in 25(OH)D and total serum calcium warrants further prospective investigation.
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