Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42876640›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in artificial intelligence2026

Robust multi-class DDoS and fraud detection using a Context-Adaptive Deep Evolutionary Game Framework with CNN-BiGRU.

Ashwini V, Priya V

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in artificial intelligence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ashwini VSchool of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems (SCORE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
Priya VSchool of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems (SCORE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have become a serious threat in modern computer networks, which can commonly be integrated with other types of attacks to evade detection by conventional devices. Existing deep learning-based intrusion detection methods have high identification capability. However, they are also highly susceptible to adversarial attacks, in which even slight perturbations to features can fool the model into misclassification. To address these issues, this study introduced a hybrid deep learning framework. It integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRU) to detect diverse types of attacks in real time. CNN extracts spatial interactions to model traffic characteristics, while BiGRU, a recurrent neural network, models temporal dependencies in data flows. This combination enables the model to capture complex spatiotemporal behavioral patterns in network traffic. To address class imbalance, we propose a new Neuro-Evolutionary Resampling Algorithm (NERA). This method uses neural density estimation and evolutionary optimization to generate balanced, noise-filtered training samples. Additionally, a Context-Adaptive Deep Evolutionary Game Framework (CADEGF) is designed to improve resistance to attacks. It does this by simulating interactions between attackers and defenders. It also adjusts detection thresholds using game-theoretic ideas. Experimental results show that this approach achieves high classification accuracy, effectively detects minority classes, and highlights trade-offs between minority-class detection and adversarial robustness, indicating contexts where NERA benefits or harms resilience. The integrated synergy of NERA, CNN-BiGRU, and CADEGF establishes a context-aware, adaptive defense model that advances intelligent intrusion detection with balanced performance and adversarial robustness.

Indexed as

adversarial robustnesscontext-aware securityDDoS mitigationevolutionary game theoryhybrid deep learningintrusion detectionneuro-evolutionary resampling

Identifiers

PMID42876640
PMCPMC13661905

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.