ArticleiScience2026
Impacts of trail running and mountain biking: Resilience of a Mediterranean mountain ecosystem.
Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Rising outdoor activities have created major challenges for managing protected natural areas due to uncertain ecological effects. This study analyzes the impacts of two expanding sports, trail running and mountain biking, on flat and sloped terrains in a Mediterranean mountain setting in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park, where transects were subjected to different use intensities. Early short-term impacts and subsequent recovery were monitored over a year using biotic and abiotic indicators: soil compaction, vegetation (total cover, Simpson's diversity index, and composition), bacterial colony-forming units, and edaphic microfauna. Results show that soil compaction and vegetation cover are the most affected among the variables analyzed, with significant alterations when applying a high number of passes on foot or by bicycle, but without significant differences between the two sports. Vegetation recovered faster than soil compaction, and Mediterranean seasonality strongly modulates impacts. Management measures are proposed to balance recreation and conservation.
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Registered trials
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