ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Short sleep duration and incident self-reported severe periodontitis among Japanese adults: a nationwide prospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition influenced by behavioral, systemic and socioeconomic factors, and its prevalence increases with age. Although cross-sectional studies suggest an association between short sleep duration and periodontitis, longitudinal evidence remains limited. This study aimed to examine the association between sleep duration and self-reported incident severe periodontitis using data from a nationwide prospective cohort. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study using longitudinal data from the 2023-2025 waves of the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey. Participants without self-reported severe periodontitis at baseline were followed for self-reported incident severe periodontitis. Short sleep duration was defined as <6 h per night. Cox proportional hazards models were used as the primary analysis, and generalized estimating equations were used as a secondary analysis. Results: Among 33,000 respondents to the 2023 survey, 8,144 individuals without self-reported severe periodontitis at baseline and with follow-up data were included in the study population. Short sleep duration was reported by 22.7% of participants and was associated with a higher risk of self-reported incident severe periodontitis (hazard ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.46). This association was consistent in the secondary analysis using repeated measures (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09-1.46). Older age, lower income, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, depression and smoking were also associated with an increased risk. Conclusion: Short sleep duration may be a modifiable risk factor for self-reported incident severe periodontitis in the general population. The present findings highlight the potential importance of sleep for the prevention of periodontitis.
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