Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42876484›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026

Effects of psychological skills training on self-control, perceived physical self-defense capacity, and mental toughness in elite female wrestlers: a randomized controlled trial.

Varol Tutal, Okan Demir, Oktay Şahin, Ahmet Yılmaz Albayrak, Mehmet Bayansalduz, Recep Nur Uzun, Faik Öz, Yunus Şahinler, Levent Ceylan, Coşkun Yılmaz

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Varol TutalFaculty of Health Sciences, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Türkiye.
Okan DemirŞiran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational School, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Türkiye.
Oktay ŞahinFaculty of Sport Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Türkiye.
Ahmet Yılmaz AlbayrakFaculty of Sport Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Türkiye.
Mehmet BayansalduzFaculty of Sports Sciences, Topkapı University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Recep Nur UzunYaşar Doğu Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Türkiye.
Faik ÖzFaculty of Sport Sciences, Avrasya University, Trabzon, Türkiye.
Yunus ŞahinlerFaculty of Sport Sciences, İstanbul Gelisim University, İstanbul, Türkiye.
Levent CeylanFaculty of Sport Sciences, Hitit University, Çorum, Türkiye.
Coşkun YılmazFaculty of Sport Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Türkiye.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Self-control, self-defense self-efficacy, and mental resilience are fundamental psychological determinants of performance and competitive endurance in combat sports. However, scientific evidence on structured, evidence-based psychological intervention programs for professional female wrestlers remains limited. This study examined the effects of a psychological skills training (PST)-based intervention on self-control, self-defense self-efficacy, and mental resilience in professional female wrestlers. Methods: A randomized controlled pre-test-post-test design was employed. Thirty-six professional female wrestlers (aged 18-25) were randomly assigned to a PST group ( Results: Significant group × time interactions were observed across multiple outcomes. A highly significant interaction emerged for perceived physical self-defense capacity (SP; Conclusion: These findings suggest that PST may serve as a useful complementary approach for enhancing self-control, perceived physical self-defense capacity, and mental toughness in professional female wrestlers. However, results should not be interpreted as evidence of improved competitive wrestling performance, technical success, or objectively measured physical self-defense ability, as these outcomes were not directly assessed in this study.

Indexed as

athlete developmentevidence-based interventionsperformance optimizationpsychological skills trainingsport psychologywrestling

Identifiers

PMID42876484
PMCPMC13661345

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.