Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42876325›Full record

Trial reportGlobal health action2026

Predicting neurodevelopmental delay among two-year-old infants in Northern Uganda.

David Mukunya, Grace Ndeezi, Gertrude Namazzi, Thorkild Tylleskär, Brendah Nambozo, Milton W Musaba, Beatrice Odongkara, Vincentina Achora, Justin Bruno Tongun, Josephine Tumuhamye and 4 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Global health action, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

David MukunyaDepartment of Community and Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.ORCID 0000-0002-3892-9777
Grace NdeeziDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
Gertrude NamazziDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda.
Thorkild TylleskärCenter for Internation Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.ORCID 0000-0003-4801-4324
Brendah NambozoDepartment of Community and Public Health, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda.ORCID 0009-0002-8600-8654
Milton W MusabaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, Mbale, Uganda.
Beatrice OdongkaraDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.
Vincentina AchoraDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.
Justin Bruno TongunDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan.
Josephine TumuhamyeDepartment of Research, Makerere University Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.ORCID 0000-0001-5451-6406
Agnes NapyoDepartment of Nursing, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda.ORCID 0000-0003-4333-3588
Vicent SsentumbweDivision of Computational and Data Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Victoria NankabirwaCentre for Intervention Science and Maternal Child Health (CISMAC), Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
James K TumwineDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundData on neurodevelopmental disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. Identifying children at the highest risk of neurodevelopmental delay could enable health workers to target these groups more effectively, improve resource allocation and programmatic focus.

objectiveTo develop and assess a model for predicting neurodevelopmental delay among two-year-old infants in Northern Uganda using easily obtainable predictors.

methodsWe studied children born to women enrolled in a cluster randomized controlled trial (January 2018-March 2019) evaluating the effect of peer counseling on health facility births. At the trial's final visit (day 50), 1,804 children were enrolled. In November 2020, we followed up 1,421 children (78.8%) and assessed their neurodevelopment at 2 years using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool. We used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized regression with 10-fold cross-validation to select the best subset of predictors and assessed model performance using the area under the curve (AUC).

resultsOf the 1,421 children, 70 (4.9%; 95% CI: 3.6-6.7%) had neurodevelopmental delays. Of the 19 candidate predictors, six were retained in the final model (lambda = 0.0076): moderate wasting, prolonged neonatal hospitalization (up to 28 days), maternal education, place of birth, preterm birth, and absence of skin-to-skin contact at birth. The model showed strong discriminative power (AUC 0.75) and reasonable calibration (calibration slope 1.37; calibration belt 0.536-0.727).

conclusionWe developed a promising tool for identifying infants at increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay in low-resource settings, which could help prioritize children for follow-up and specialized interventions.

Indexed as

Developmental DisabilitiesNeurodevelopmental DisordersChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMaleRisk FactorsUgandaEarly child development; thrivinghuman capacity developmenthuman capitallow-income countriesneurodevelopmental delayrisk stratification

Identifiers

PMID42876325
PMCPMC13674651

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.