Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42875655›Full record

ArticleJournal of anesthesia2026

Propofol injection discomfort recall after monitored anesthesia care or general anesthesia: a prospective observational cohort study.

Dylan Mai, Kiana Rowshan, Dolly Modha, Katie Chiou, Andres Duran, Farimah Fanaei, Mariam Mabrouk, Kimberley Gimenez, Balbino Lopez, Yunjae Lee and 4 more

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Article in Journal of anesthesia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Dylan Mai *Department of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Kiana Rowshan *Department of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Dolly ModhaDepartment of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Katie ChiouDepartment of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Andres DuranDepartment of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Farimah FanaeiDepartment of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Mariam MabroukDepartment of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Kimberley GimenezDepartment of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Balbino LopezDepartment of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Yunjae LeeDepartment of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Joseph RinehartDepartment of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Teodora OlteanDepartment of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Alexandre JoostenDepartment of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Sean CoeckelenberghDepartment of Perioperative Care and Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. sean.coeckelenbergh@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-1137-0435

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposePain during propofol injection is common, yet little is known about how often patients remember this experience after anesthesia or which perioperative factors influence memory formation during induction.

methodsIn this prospective single-center observational cohort study, English-speaking adults (≥ 18 years) receiving propofol under general anesthesia (GA) or monitored anesthesia care (MAC) were enrolled. Perioperative characteristics, intravenous access details, anesthetic medications and clinician-observed injection pain were recorded. On postoperative day 1, patients were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire assessing recall of discomfort during induction. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and identified factors associated with recall.

resultsOf the 1,699 enrolled patients, 1,319 completed the postoperative day 1 assessment; 8.1% reported recall of injection discomfort. Multivariate analysis indicated that younger age (aOR = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01-1.04; p < 0.001), female gender (aOR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.02-2.82; p = 0.044), hand IV placement (aOR = 2.164; CI 95% = 1.287-3.636; p = 0.004), and absence of midazolam premedication (aOR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.44-4.78; p = 0.002) were associated with increased recall.

conclusionApproximately one in twelve patients recalled discomfort during propofol injection. Patient characteristics and modifiable anesthetic practices, particularly premedication and intravenous access site, were associated with memory of propofol injection discomfort. These findings highlight that memory formation during induction represents a distinct and clinically relevant patient-centered outcome.

Indexed as

Anesthesia inductionPostoperative recallPropofol injection pain

Identifiers

PMID42875655

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