ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
Evening high-intensity interval exercise attenuates the next-morning decline in flow-mediated dilation in healthy young men.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeVascular endothelial function (VEF), assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), shows diurnal variation and is reduced in the early morning. Although exercise improves VEF, whether the vascular effects of evening high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) persist into the following morning remains unclear. This study examined whether evening HIIE affects next-morning VEF.
methodsEleven healthy young men completed exercise and control conditions in a randomized crossover design. In the exercise condition, participants performed 30 min of late-afternoon HIIE. FMD, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured from the afternoon of Day 1 to the afternoon of Day 2.
resultsFMD increased following HIIE at 18:00 (6.5 ± 0.76% to 9.3 ± 0.93%, p < 0.05). In the control condition, FMD was lower at 08:00 than at 12:00 on Day 2 (4.7 ± 0.47% vs. 7.0 ± 0.79%, p < 0.05). At 08:00 on Day 2, FMD was higher in the exercise condition than in the control condition (7.6 ± 0.57% vs. 4.7 ± 0.47%, p < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure was lower in the exercise condition than in the control condition at 21:00 on Day 1 (114.6 ± 1.7 vs. 126.1 ± 1.8 mmHg) and 04:00 on Day 2 (88.7 ± 2.1 vs. 95.0 ± 1.2 mmHg) (p < 0.05).
conclusionA single bout of HIIE attenuates the morning decline in endothelial function. These findings suggest that the vascular benefits of exercise extend beyond the immediate post-exercise period and may influence the diurnal pattern of endothelial function.
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