ArticleBrain imaging and behavior2026
The role of neighborhood socioeconomic environment in the association between glycemic control and the developing brain.
Article in Brain imaging and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Metabolic health and socioeconomic environments may jointly shape neurodevelopment during adolescence, a sensitive period of brain maturation. This cross-sectional study investigated overall and neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation moderated associations between glycemic control and brain structure in youth. Data were analyzed from 705 healthy 10-13-year-olds participating in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® across 21 sites in the United States. Glycemic control was assessed using hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), brain structure was evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neighborhood deprivation was measured with the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Mixed-effects models examined associations between HbA1c and brain structural measures while controlling for sociodemographic covariates, with additional analyses stratified by ADI tertiles. Higher HbA1c was associated with lower mean cortical thickness and smaller total cortical gray matter volume. Each one percent increase in HbA1c corresponded to a 0.024 mm reduction in mean cortical thickness and a 9,611 mm
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