Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42872949›Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2026

Cross-Sectional Profiling of Aqueous Humor VEGF-A Reflects the Tumor and Ocular Microenvironment in Retinoblastoma.

Michelle Lin, Chen-Ching Peng, Mark Reid, Elaine Huang, Nerea Goni, Kaitlyn Phung, Yilin Chen, Drishti Pandya, Brianne Brown, Bibiana J Reiser and 3 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Michelle LinThe Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Chen-Ching PengThe Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Mark ReidThe Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Elaine HuangThe Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Nerea GoniThe Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Kaitlyn PhungThe Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Yilin ChenThe Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Drishti PandyaThe Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Brianne BrownThe Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Bibiana J ReiserThe Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Rachana ShahDivision of Hematology Oncology, Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Jesse L BerryThe Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.
Liya XuThe Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States.

Funding

Development of a Novel Aqueous Humor-Based Multiplex Assay for Uveal Melanoma Metastatic Risk PredictionR41CA291243 · NCI · OLMEDA BIOSCIENCES LLC · PI XU, LIYA · 2024 to 2025
$451k
NCI NIH HHS R41 CA291243
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a key mediator of tumor angiogenesis. This cross-sectional study quantified aqueous humor (AH) VEGF-A in retinoblastoma (RB) eyes and retrospectively evaluated its association with clinical features. Methods: This study analyzed 60 AH samples: 54 from 49 RB eyes and 6 from age-matched controls with congenital cataract. From pretreatment RB eyes, six samples were collected prior to globe-salvaging treatment and five immediately after primary enucleation (PE). From post-treatment eyes, 12 samples were collected at secondary enucleation (SE), 12 during active treatment (TX), and 19 at 6 months after treatment (END). VEGF-A was measured using the Olink Proximity Extension Assay and reported as absolute concentrations (pg/mL). Results: VEGF-A concentrations (median and interquartile range [IQR]) were 259 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 140-423, IQR = 115-568) in the RB cohort, compared with 149 (95% CI = 39.8-318, IQR = 61.3-208) in cataract controls. Post-treatment levels were significantly lower than pretreatment levels (median = 182, 95% CI = 121-310, IQR = 110-423 vs. median = 1380, 95% CI = 278-18,100, IQR = 467-12,400, P < 0.001). Among treated eyes, SE samples had higher VEGF-A than END samples (median = 506, 95% CI = 120-1010, IQR = 207-926 vs. median = 129, 95% CI = 79.5-212, IQR = 79.5-212, P = 0.007). Conclusions: AH liquid biopsy was a high-yield source of VEGF-A in RB. VEGF-A concentrations were highest during primary enucleation and normalized after treatment completion. These findings support that aqueous VEGF-A reflects the intraocular microenvironment, warranting further validation to improve our understanding of its role in disease progression in RB.

Indexed as

Aqueous HumorRetinal NeoplasmsRetinoblastomaTumor MicroenvironmentVascular Endothelial Growth Factor ABiomarkers, TumorChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesEye EnucleationFemaleHumansInfantMaleNeovascularization, PathologicRetrospective StudiesBiomarkers, TumorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVEGFA protein, human

Identifiers

PMID42872949
PMCPMC13676253

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.