Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42872880›Full record

ArticlePharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2026

Temporal Trends in Janus Kinase Inhibitor (JAKi) Use Across Five European Countries: A DARWIN EU Network Study.

Xihang Chen, Andrei Barbulescu, George Corby, Saeed Hayati, Annika Jodicke, Toni Lehtonen, Hedvig Marie Egeland Nordeng, Alexandra Pacurariu, Gabriel Sanfélix-Gimeno, Nhung T H Trinh and 5 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Xihang ChenPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8112-8959
Andrei BarbulescuData Analytics and Methods Task Force Real World Evidence Department, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8978-1525
George CorbyPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-2985
Saeed HayatiPharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Annika JodickePharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-0110
Toni LehtonenUnit of Data Production and Methods. Data and Analytics, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2089-2299
Hedvig Marie Egeland NordengPharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-2918
Alexandra PacurariuData Analytics and Methods Task Force Real World Evidence Department, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2217-0540
Gabriel Sanfélix-GimenoFundació Per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Biomèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-4576
Nhung T H TrinhPharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2794-5322
Katia VerhammeErasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, CA, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8162-4904
Dina VojinovicIQVIA, Amsterdam, CT, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5744-0232
Daniel Prieto-AlhambraPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3950-6346
Amy Shuk-Man LamPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-2328
Edward BurnPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Health Data Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9286-1128

Funding

European Medicines Agency
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionJanus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are increasingly used for autoimmune conditions despite existing safety concerns. This study aims to estimate the incidence of new JAKi use over time and characterise users in Europe to support future safety studies.

methodsThe study included individuals from five European data sources within the DARWIN EU network: FinOMOP-HILMO (Finland; primary and secondary care), IPCI (the Netherlands; primary), IQVIA DA Germany (Germany; primary), NLHR (Norway; primary and secondary), VID (Spain; primary and secondary) from 1 January 2017. Annual incidence of JAKi (abrocitinib, baricitinib, filgotinib, tofacitinib, upadacitinib) was up to 31 December 2023. Patient characteristics and treatment duration were described.

resultsIncidence of JAKi use increased over time, with transient declines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Initiators, except for abrocitinib, were predominantly aged 41-60 years. Rheumatoid arthritis was the most common indicated condition, except for abrocitinib, for which atopic dermatitis predominated. Median treatment duration was generally less than 1 year. Tofacitinib and baricitinib had the lowest proportions of prior JAKi use, whereas up to 17% and 16% of upadacitinib and filgotinib initiators had received prior treatment with another JAKi. Findings were consistent across data sources, although incidence rates varied according to the healthcare sector captured.

conclusionsIncidence of JAKi use generally increased, with tofacitinib being the most initiated JAKi. Treatment durations were relatively short and switching between JAKi was common. The current study provides an overview of indication distribution and characterises JAKi treatment, while offering a framework for future research.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesJanus Kinase InhibitorsAdultEuropeFemaleHumansMaleTime FactorsJanus Kinase Inhibitorsdrug utilisationJAK inhibitorJAKi switchingJAKi treatment durationJanus kinase inhibitor

Identifiers

PMID42872880
PMCPMC13664646

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.