Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42872221›Full record

ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026

Delayed Seasonality but Consistent Age Burden: RSV Epidemiology Pre-, During, and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic on the Kenyan Coast (2008-2026).

Esther Nyadzua Katama, Grace Maina, Martin Mutunga, Clement Lewa, Robinson Cheruiyot, Agustus Kea, Mohammed Shebe, Joyce U Nyiro, Charles J Sande, Charles N Agoti

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Esther Nyadzua KatamaKenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3399-3037
Grace MainaKenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
Martin MutungaKenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
Clement LewaKenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
Robinson CheruiyotKenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-0095
Agustus KeaKenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
Mohammed ShebeKenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-8613
Joyce U NyiroKenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.
Charles J SandeKenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8364-6063
Charles N AgotiKenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya.

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated nonpharmaceutical interventions disrupted the established epidemiological patterns of many endemic respiratory viruses globally. However, its impact on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa is understudied. Methods: We analyzed data from a continuous hospital-based pediatric pneumonia surveillance program in coastal Kenya January 2008-June 2026. Children ≤5 years, admitted with World Health Organization-defined syndromic severe or very severe pneumonia were tested for RSV using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The period was stratified into prepandemic (January 2008-March 2020), during pandemic (March 2020-May 2023), and postpandemic (May 2023-June 2026). Multivariable logistic regression evaluated clinical and demographic shifts across periods. Results: Among 10 374 tested children, 2442 (23.5%) were RSV positive. Positivity declined from 25.3% (1919/7585) prepandemic to 18.3% (235/1282) during the pandemic and 19.1% (288/1507) postpandemic. Overall median age of RSV-positive patients remained statistically consistent across all periods (4.3 vs 3.7 vs 3.1 months; Conclusions: Despite a repeated 1- to 2-month delay of RSV season onsets on the Kenyan coast and minor clinical symptoms shifts, the core demographic patterns remained stable. The persisting severe RSV disease in <6-month-olds highlights this population for RSV interventions.

Indexed as

COVID-19HospitalizationKenyaRSVseasonality

Identifiers

PMID42872221
PMCPMC13660703

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.