ReviewFrontiers in public health2026
Nicotine: evolution, dependence, and the path to total quit: redefining cessation in a changing nicotine landscape.
Review in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The nicotine marketplace has expanded beyond combustible cigarettes to include electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), heated tobacco products (HTPs), nicotine pouches, and licensed medicinal nicotine products. This diversification has altered patterns of exposure, dependence, and cessation, while complicating the meaning of "quitting" in public health and clinical practice. Objective: To review the evolving evidence on nicotine dependence across product categories and to examine whether smoking cessation alone remains an adequate endpoint in a landscape where nicotine use may persist beyond combustible tobacco. Methods: This narrative review synthesises evidence from neurobiology, epidemiology, clinical cessation research, and public health literature. Priority was given to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical guidelines, and population-level data relevant to nicotine dependence, product risk, and cessation pathways. Findings: Nicotine dependence is shaped by pharmacology, delivery kinetics, behavioural conditioning, and product design. While non-combustible nicotine products may reduce exposure to smoking-related toxicants for people who switch completely from smoking, they may also sustain nicotine dependence, support dual use, and create new pathways to initiation among individuals who might otherwise have remained nicotine-free. Current cessation frameworks often focus on smoking abstinence without fully addressing continued nicotine dependence, particularly among long-term users of ENDS, HTPs, nicotine pouches, and other non-combustible products. Conclusion: In a changing nicotine landscape, cessation frameworks should distinguish more clearly between smoking cessation and nicotine cessation, support users across all nicotine product types, and re-establish complete freedom from nicotine dependence (
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.