ArticleMedical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran2026
Interobserver Agreement in Transthoracic Echocardiography between Cardiology Residents and Attending Cardiologists: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is essential for making clinical decisions regarding cardiovascular disorders. Cardiology trainees frequently conduct and interpret TTE examinations; however, discrepancies between their interpretations and those of attending cardiologists can impact patient management. The objective of this study was to assess the concordance between cardiology trainees and attending cardiologists in the interpretation of TTE findings. Methods: This study included 374 inpatients and outpatients referred to for TTE examinations. TTE studies were independently performed by second- and third-year cardiology residents, followed by reassessment by fellowship-trained attending cardiologists. The agreement of categorical variables was analyzed using Cohen's kappa coefficient, while the agreement of quantitative parameters was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: There was good to excellent agreement between residents and attending evaluators for most parameters, including Pericardial Effusion (PE) (κ = 0.929), Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) (κ = 0.919), and Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) (κ = 0.908). Moderate agreement was observed for Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (κ = 0.496) and Bicuspid Aortic Valve (κ = 0.565). Quantitative measures demonstrated excellent reliability for Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) (ICC = 0.949), Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) (ICC = 0.981), Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) (ICC = 0.984), and Tricuspid Regurgitation Gradient (TRG) (ICC = 0.975). Conclusion: Majority of the echocardiographic indices were interpreted reliably by the cardiologists-in-training. However, lower levels of agreement in the interpretation of ASD and aortic valve morphology indicate that additional training on structurally complex cardiac conditions is necessary to enhance the reliability of interpretations.
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