Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42871933›Full record

ArticleDevice2026

Multiplex ovarian hormone monitoring in sweat using a dual-aptamer wearable sensor.

Yerim Lee, Cui Ye, Jeonghee Yeom, Yonglin Chen, Jiahong Li, Jihong Min, Minqiang Wang, Wei Gao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Device, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yerim LeeAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Cui YeAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Jeonghee YeomAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Yonglin ChenAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Jiahong LiAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Jihong MinAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Minqiang WangAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Wei GaoAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Funding

Laser-Engraved Wearable Sweat Sensors to Detect and Monitor Cardiometabolic DiseaseR01HL155815 · NHLBI · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GAO, WEI · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL155815
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) jointly regulate reproductive function, menopausal transition, and hormone-therapy response, yet their assessment relies on intermittent blood sampling that provides only snapshots of dynamic endocrine processes. We report a wearable sweat sensor for multiplex E2 and P4 monitoring. Two redox-orthogonal aptamer-reporter systems, encoded by methylene blue and ferrocene, are integrated on a single inkjet-printed gold electrode, enabling independent quantification of the hormones through sequential square-wave voltammetry scans at physiologically relevant picomolar concentrations. An integrated passive microfluidic module normalizes sweat pH and ionic strength before analysis, eliminating auxiliary correction channels and enabling consistent operation across different sweat-induction methods and body locations. In a single-subject feasibility study spanning reproductive, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal participants, measurements agreed with laboratory reference assays and enabled longitudinal tracking of ovarian hormone dynamics. This approach establishes a strategy for multiplex wearable endocrine profiling and motivates larger cohort studies for personalized women's health monitoring.

Identifiers

PMID42871933
PMCPMC13660781

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.